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Assessing Functional Metrics of Skeletal Muscle Health in Human Skeletal Muscle Microtissues

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Published on: February 18, 2021

From Skeletal Development to Tissue Engineering: Lessons from the Micromass Assay.

Darinka D Klumpers^1,2,3, David J Mooney^1,2, Theo H Smit³

¹1 School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews

|May 7, 2015

Summary

The micromass assay offers insights into skeletal development for tissue engineering. Understanding embryonic skeletal development can improve strategies for regenerating bone and cartilage, despite differences in cell type and scale.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Developmental Biology
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Skeletal degeneration from disease, trauma, and aging imposes significant health and economic burdens.
Current skeletal tissue engineering faces challenges in controlling cell differentiation, chondrocyte hypertrophy, and tissue patterning.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore how the in vitro micromass assay, modeling embryonic skeletal development, can inform skeletal tissue engineering strategies.
To identify external cues guiding lineage commitment, chondrocyte hypertrophy, and tissue patterning.

Main Methods:

Reviewing studies that utilize the micromass assay to compare embryonic skeletal precursor cells.
Integrating the micromass assay with genetic, molecular, and engineering tools to study signaling pathways and patterning cues.
Comparing embryonic and adult skeletal progenitor cell behavior and scale differences.

Main Results:

The micromass assay can identify external cues directing skeletal precursor cell lineage commitment.
Signaling pathways regulating chondrocyte hypertrophy and tissue patterning cues can be elucidated.
Key differences between embryonic and adult skeletal progenitor cells, such as spontaneous mesenchymal condensation, are highlighted.

Conclusions:

Mechanistic insights from the micromass model can enhance skeletal tissue engineering strategies and constructs.
Addressing differences in cell type and scale between embryonic development and adult tissue engineering is crucial for successful regeneration.