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Diabetic retinopathy and systemic factors.
1Department of Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology
|May 8, 2015
Summary
Chronic high blood glucose is the primary driver of diabetic retinopathy. While blood pressure and lipids may play roles, genetic factors influencing this eye disease remain unidentified.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Endocrinology
- Genetics
Background:
- Diabetic retinopathy is an ocular disease influenced by systemic and local factors.
- Chronic hyperglycemia is a primary risk factor, with higher blood glucose levels correlating to more severe retinopathy.
- Hemoglobin A1c levels below 6.5% are generally associated with minimal retinopathy development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the factors influencing diabetic retinopathy development and progression.
- To assess the impact of glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipid levels on retinopathy.
- To discuss the potential genetic or epigenetic influences on the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
Main Methods:
- Review of systemic and local factors affecting diabetic retinopathy.
- Analysis of clinical trials investigating antihypertensive and lipid-lowering agents.
- Examination of evidence for genetic and epigenetic contributions to retinopathy.
Main Results:
- Chronic high blood glucose is strongly linked to increased severity and incidence of diabetic retinopathy.
- Blood pressure lowering shows limited benefit for retinopathy, while fenofibrate demonstrates potential in preventing its progression.
- The precise genetic or epigenetic factors predisposing or protecting against diabetic retinopathy are yet to be identified.
Conclusions:
- Glycemic control is paramount in managing diabetic retinopathy.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the role of lipids and identify the elusive genetic factors in diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis.
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