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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Vaccine Production01:23

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Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Vaccines01:21

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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase vaccination.

Mads Hald Andersen1, Inge Marie Svane2

  • 1Department of Hematology; Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT); Copenhagen University Hospital ; Herlev, Denmark.

Oncoimmunology
|May 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) specific T cells show promise in cancer immunotherapy. A clinical trial in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients demonstrated disease stabilization with an IDO-derived vaccine.

Keywords:
CD8DC, dendritic cellsIDOIDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenaseNSCLCNSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancerOS, overall survivalPBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cellsPD, progressive diseasePD-L1SD, stable diseaseTregs, regulatory T cellscancer vaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Enzyme activity

Background:

  • Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a key enzyme regulating immune responses.
  • IDO plays a significant role in the tumor microenvironment and immune evasion.
  • Targeting IDO is a potential strategy for cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of IDO-specific T cells in cancer immunity.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an IDO-derived epitope vaccine in NSCLC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Discovery and characterization of IDO-specific T cells.
  • Phase I clinical trial involving vaccination with an IDO-derived HLA-A2-restricted epitope in NSCLC patients.

Main Results:

  • IDO-specific T cells were identified and shown to influence adaptive immunity in cancer patients.
  • The phase I trial resulted in long-lasting disease stabilization.
  • No toxicity was observed in the treated NSCLC patients.

Conclusions:

  • IDO-specific T cells represent a viable target for cancer immunotherapy.
  • Vaccination with an IDO-derived epitope is a safe and effective strategy for NSCLC treatment, warranting further investigation.