[Aortic wall injury and thrombogenesis in catheterization: experimental study].

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Biomaterials Science
• Medical Device Engineering

Context:

• Arterial and venous catheterization are crucial for diagnosing heart conditions.
• Catheter use is associated with thrombogenesis complications.
• Mikaelson-type non-heparin-coated angiographic catheters were investigated.

Purpose:

• To investigate the thrombogenic potential and aortic wall damage caused by two types of non-heparin-coated angiographic catheters.
• To compare polyurethane (PUC) and polyethylene (PEC) catheters regarding thrombus formation and injury.
• To evaluate the histological and ultrastructural changes in the aorta following catheterization.

Summary:

• Non-heparin-coated polyurethane (PUC) and polyethylene (PEC) catheters (6.5 Fr, 80 cm) were inserted into the ascending aorta of dogs via the femoral artery.
• Mural thrombi were observed on the aortic wall in all dogs after catheter removal.
• Microscopic analysis revealed endothelial cell detachment, internal elastic membrane destruction, intimal tears, and bleeding, indicating mechanical injury from the catheter.

Impact:

• Catheter-induced mechanical irritation can lead to significant aortic wall damage.
• This damage, including mural thrombus formation, may progress to aortic dissection or thrombosis in abdominal organs.
• Findings highlight the risks associated with non-heparin-coated catheters and the need for improved biomaterials or techniques.