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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
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Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

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Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
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Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

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Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
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Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

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Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Interlaminar Approach for Decompression of Lateral Recess Stenosis
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Spinal endoscopy: the history, evolution, and applications.

H H Mathews1

  • 1Spine Disorder Center, Advanced Orthopedic Centers, Richmond, Virginia.

Surgical Technology International
|May 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spinal endoscopy enhances minimally invasive surgery by improving visualization of spinal anatomy and pathology. Early myeloscopy showed promise but was limited by complications from large instruments.

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Transtubular Endoscopic Posterolateral Decompression for L5-S1 Lumbar Lateral Disc Herniation
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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Minimally Invasive Procedures
  • Spinal Endoscopy

Background:

  • Surgeons historically sought better visualization of spinal anatomy and pathology.
  • Early visualization tools included rod-lens technology for intracranial and myeloscopic neuroanatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and development of spinal endoscopic techniques.
  • To understand their role in enhancing minimally invasive spinal surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of myeloscopic techniques and their evolution.
  • Analysis of early descriptions of intrathecal inspections and their findings.

Main Results:

  • Pool (1942) described myeloscopic inspections of intrathecal anatomy, identifying disc herniations, arachnoiditis, and spinal stenosis.
  • Myeloscopy was considered essential for treating conditions like arachnoiditis, large herniated discs, and tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Spinal endoscopic techniques continue to evolve, enhancing minimally invasive spinal surgery.
  • Early myeloscopy faced limitations due to large scope requirements and associated morbidity, leading to its disuse.