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Embryos, DOHaD and David Barker.

T P Fleming1, M A Velazquez1, J J Eckert2

  • 11Centre for Biological Sciences,University of Southampton,Southampton,UK.

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
|May 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary
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Environmental factors during early development can permanently alter fetal growth, increasing adult disease risk. This programming, observed in animal models and humans, highlights the critical periconceptional period for long-term health outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • The early embryo and periconceptional period represent a critical window where environmental exposures can induce lasting developmental changes.
  • Evidence from animal models and human studies demonstrates that periconceptional conditions can lead to adult-onset diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review environmental in vivo and in vitro periconceptional models and their long-term outcomes.
  • To examine the maternal-embryonic dialogue during early development that induces programming, using a rodent low protein diet model.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on periconceptional environmental exposures and developmental programming.
  • Utilizing a rodent model with a maternal low protein diet restricted to the preimplantation period to study the induction of programming.
Keywords:
assisted reproductive treatment (ART)blastocystmaternal low protein dietprimitive endodermtrophectoderm

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Main Results:

  • Environmental factors during the periconceptional period can permanently alter developmental trajectories.
  • Maternal-embryonic dialogue triggers cellular and epigenetic responses in the embryo, particularly in extra-embryonic lineages.
  • Programming is associated with altered growth during pregnancy and increased risk of cardiometabolic and behavioral diseases in adulthood.

Conclusions:

  • The early embryo is highly sensitive to environmental influences that can lead to developmental programming.
  • Epigenetic modifications in response to periconceptional exposures play a key role in establishing long-term health risks.
  • Understanding these early developmental processes is crucial for preventing adult-onset diseases.