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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
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Hyperpolarized Gas MR Imaging: Technique and Applications.

Justus E Roos1, Holman P McAdams1, S Sivaram Kaushik2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America
|May 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Hyperpolarized xenon-129 MR imaging offers a sensitive, noninvasive method to assess lung function and structure. This technique provides valuable biomarkers for diagnosing pulmonary diseases by examining ventilation, microstructure, and gas exchange.

Keywords:
Hyperpolarized gasLung imagingMR imagingPulmonary gas exchangePulmonary ventilationXenon ((129)Xe)

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Functional imaging provides sensitive insights into lung structure and function.
  • Hyperpolarized helium-3 ((3)He) and xenon-129 ((129)Xe) MR imaging are advanced techniques for lung assessment.
  • Recent shifts in gas imaging favor the use of (129)Xe due to its properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the utility of hyperpolarized (129)Xe MR imaging for pulmonary diagnostics.
  • To explore (129)Xe's role in assessing lung ventilation, microstructure, and gas exchange.
  • To establish (129)Xe as a sensitive, noninvasive biomarker for lung diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with (129)Xe.
  • Leveraging (129)Xe's solubility in pulmonary tissue for detailed lung function analysis.
  • Employing sensitive contrast mechanisms inherent to hyperpolarized gas MRI.

Main Results:

  • Hyperpolarized gas MRI, particularly with (129)Xe, offers sensitive contrast for lung evaluation.
  • (129)Xe's tissue solubility enables exploration of gas exchange and alveolar oxygenation.
  • The technique is well-tolerated by patients.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperpolarized (129)Xe MR imaging is a powerful tool for probing pulmonary structure and function.
  • It serves as a sensitive and noninvasive method for detecting and monitoring lung diseases.
  • (129)Xe-based imaging provides unique biomarkers for pulmonary health assessment.