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Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
Published on: April 18, 2013
Congenital Thoracic Venous Anomalies in Adults: Morphologic MR Imaging
Carina A Ruano1, António Marinho-da-Silva2, Paulo Donato3
1Department of Radiology, Central Lisbon Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal.
Abstract:
Congenital anomalies of the thoracic veins are rare yet important developmental abnormalities, usually classified into systemic and pulmonary. They may be encountered incidentally; as such the radiologist must be aware of their imaging presentation and clinical relevance. Furthermore, to understand these anomalies, knowledge of the embryological development and of the normal anatomy of the thoracic veins is required. In the age of non-invasive imaging modalities, magnetic resonance is paramount for the characterization of these developmental abnormalities.
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