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Binding kinetics of lock and key colloids.

Laura Colón-Meléndez1, Daniel J Beltran-Villegas2, Greg van Anders2

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Colloidal lock-and-key particles form bonds through direct and indirect routes. The indirect pathway, involving surface diffusion, is surprisingly efficient, matching direct binding rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloidal science
  • Polymer physics
  • Soft matter physics

Background:

  • Understanding bond formation in colloidal systems is crucial for designing advanced materials.
  • Polymer-depletion interactions drive self-assembly in colloidal suspensions.
  • Lock-and-key particles offer a specific binding mechanism for controlled assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the rates of formation and breakage of polymer-depletion-induced bonds between lock-and-key colloidal particles.
  • To investigate the kinetics of both direct and indirect bond formation pathways.
  • To determine the thermodynamic driving forces governing specific and nonspecific binding.

Main Methods:

  • Confocal microscopy was employed to visualize and track particle interactions.
  • First passage time analysis was used to measure bond formation and breakage rates.
  • Kinetic rate constants were determined for transitions between different binding states.

Main Results:

  • An indirect bond formation route, involving surface diffusion, was identified and quantified.
  • The rate of this indirect route is comparable to the direct bond formation pathway.
  • The high entropy of the indirect pathway facilitates its rapid formation.

Conclusions:

  • Both direct and indirect pathways contribute significantly to lock-and-key colloidal bond formation.
  • The indirect pathway's efficiency is driven by entropic factors.
  • The study provides rate constants and free energy differences for binding states, aiding theoretical modeling.