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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

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The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...
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Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

17.4K
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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A highly-ordered 3D covalent fullerene framework.

Norma K Minar1, Kun Hou1, Christian Westermeier2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany).

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel 3D covalent fullerene framework using self-assembly. This ordered material features accessible mesopores and a low dielectric constant, offering potential for advanced applications.

Keywords:
covalent frameworkselectron mobilityfullerenesmesoporous materialsself-assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Fullerene-based materials offer unique electronic and structural properties.
  • Controlling the porosity and self-assembly of fullerene building blocks is crucial for creating advanced functional materials.
  • Existing methods for creating ordered fullerene structures often face challenges in scalability and precise structural control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a highly-ordered three-dimensional (3D) covalent fullerene framework.
  • To control the mesoporosity of the fullerene framework through cooperative self-assembly with a liquid-crystalline block copolymer.
  • To characterize the structural, textural, and dielectric properties of the resulting material.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing octahedrally functionalized fullerene building blocks.
  • Employing cooperative self-assembly with a liquid-crystalline block copolymer.
  • Fabricating supported films via spin coating on glass or silicon substrates, followed by heat treatment.
  • Characterization using gas adsorption, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).

Main Results:

  • A highly-ordered 3D covalent fullerene framework with orthorhombic Fmmm symmetry was successfully synthesized.
  • The material exhibits accessible mesopores of 7.5 nm and a high surface area, confirmed by gas adsorption and SAXS.
  • TEM analysis verified the ordered structure of the fullerene framework.
  • The synthesized material demonstrated a significantly lower dielectric constant compared to its nonporous precursor.

Conclusions:

  • Cooperative self-assembly of functionalized fullerene building blocks with block copolymers provides a viable route to highly ordered 3D covalent fullerene frameworks.
  • The resulting porous fullerene material possesses tunable mesoporosity and a low dielectric constant, indicating its potential for applications in areas such as low-k dielectrics or separation technologies.
  • This work demonstrates a significant advancement in the rational design and synthesis of complex, ordered fullerene-based materials.