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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
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Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers
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Biochar-induced concomitant decrease in ammonia volatilization and increase in nitrogen use efficiency by wheat.

Sanchita Mandal1, Ramya Thangarajan2, Nanthi S Bolan2

  • 1CERAR, Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, Building-X, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.

Chemosphere
|May 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biochar significantly reduces ammonia (NH3) volatilization from soil, a major nitrogen loss, by up to 70%. This application also enhances crop nitrogen uptake and yield, improving overall N use efficiency.

Keywords:
Ammonia volatilizationBiocharNitrogen dynamicsPHUreaWheat

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Area of Science:

  • Soil Science
  • Agronomy
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Ammonia (NH3) volatilization represents a significant nitrogen (N) loss from agricultural soils, particularly in tropical regions, leading to reduced crop N use efficiency.
  • High soil pH (above 8.0) exacerbates NH3 volatilization due to increased hydroxyl ion concentration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of two biochar types (poultry litter biochar and macadamia nut shell biochar) in mitigating NH3 volatilization from diverse soil types.
  • To evaluate the impact of biochar application on crop (wheat) dry weight and N uptake.

Main Methods:

  • Incubation experiments were performed using five soils with varying pH levels (5.5-9.0).
  • Three nitrogen sources (urea, di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), and poultry manure (PM)) were tested in conjunction with two biochar amendments.
  • Ammonia volatilization was quantified, and wheat growth parameters (dry weight, N uptake) were measured.

Main Results:

  • Ammonia volatilization was highest with urea, followed by poultry manure and DAP.
  • Both poultry litter biochar and macadamia nut shell biochar reduced NH3 volatilization by approximately 70%.
  • Biochar application led to substantial increases in wheat dry weight (up to 24.24%) and N uptake (up to 76.11%).

Conclusions:

  • Biochar application is a promising strategy to significantly decrease soil NH3 volatilization, thereby reducing nitrogen loss.
  • Biochar amendments enhance crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency, offering a sustainable approach to soil fertility management.