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Multiple roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in fracture healing
Jonathan M Karnes1, Scott D Daffner1, Colleen M Watkins1
1Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
Abstract:
This review presents a summary of basic science evidence examining the influence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on secondary fracture healing. Multiple studies suggest that TNF-α, in combination with the host reservoir of peri-fracture mesenchymal stem cells, is a main determinant in the success of bone healing. Disease states associated with poor bone healing commonly have inappropriate TNF-α responses, which likely contributes to the higher incidence of delayed and nonunions in these patient populations. Appreciation of TNF-α in fracture healing may lead to new therapies to augment recovery and reduce the incidence of complications.
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