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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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MicroRNA (miRNA) in cancer.

Kaladhar B Reddy1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Anvenue, Detroit, MI 48201 USA ; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA.

Cancer Cell International
|May 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression, impacting cancer development. This review explores miRNA interactions, their role in carcinogenesis, and their diagnostic and therapeutic potential in oncology.

Keywords:
CancerDNA methylationDiagnosisSingle nucleotide polymorphismTherapymiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression.
  • They play crucial roles in normal cellular functions and disease processes, including cancer.
  • Dysregulation of miRNAs is implicated in the development and progression of various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of miRNA-target gene interactions.
  • To summarize recent advances in miRNA-mediated regulation of carcinogenesis.
  • To highlight the emerging roles of miRNAs in cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles on miRNAs and cancer.
  • Analysis of miRNA expression profiling data in cancer patients.
  • Synthesis of information on miRNA regulatory mechanisms and clinical applications.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs regulate oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, influencing cancer initiation and progression.
  • miRNA expression profiling serves as a valuable tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
  • miRNAs show promise as therapeutic targets and agents in cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are key regulators of gene expression with significant implications in cancer.
  • Understanding miRNA biology is crucial for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • miRNAs represent a promising frontier in precision oncology.