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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

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Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
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Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
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Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

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Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

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Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

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The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
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Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
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Autotransporter protein secretion.

Jeremy R H Tame

    Biomolecular Concepts
    |May 12, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Autotransporter proteins are key bacterial virulence factors. Their secretion pathway remains puzzling, despite extensive structural studies of the outer membrane beta-barrel and passenger domains.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Structural Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Autotransporter proteins are a major class of Gram-negative bacterial virulence factors.
    • They possess a C-terminal beta-barrel domain in the outer membrane and a secreted passenger domain.
    • The exact mechanism of autotransporter secretion remains poorly understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the structural aspects of autotransporter proteins.
    • To highlight the current understanding and challenges in elucidating their secretion pathway.
    • To emphasize their utility in studying general outer membrane protein folding and insertion.

    Main Methods:

    • Structural characterization of beta-barrel and passenger domains.
    • Biochemical analysis of protein folding and membrane insertion.
    • Review of existing literature on autotransporter secretion.

    Main Results:

    • Autotransporters require a conserved outer membrane protein complex for proper folding.
    • The passenger domain often adopts a beta-helical structure with diverse sub-domains.
    • Conflicting data complicates the understanding of secretion intermediates and pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Autotransporter structure is well-characterized, but their secretion mechanism is still largely unknown.
    • Further research is needed to clarify the intermediates and driving forces of secretion.
    • Autotransporters serve as a valuable model for studying outer membrane protein biogenesis.