Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

100
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
100
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

82
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
82
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

57
The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
57
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

44
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
44
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

74
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
74
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

87.6K
Overview
87.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells circumstantially initiate transplant rejection through CXCL15/neutrophil axis.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Beyond Breathing: Lung as a Sensory Organ A Report from the NHLBI Workshop on Lung Sensing and its Implication in Diseases.

American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology·2026
Same author

High Humidity Exacerbates Psoriasiform Skin Disease Relapse by Increasing Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells via Altering Skin Microbiota.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Defining Relationships Among Tests for Kidney Transplant Antibody-Mediated Rejection" [<i>Kidney International Reports</i> Volume 10, Issue 9, September 2025, Pages 3225-3238].

Kidney international reports·2026
Same author

Identification of a highly functional effector CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell program after transplantation in mice and humans.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2026
Same author

HEV-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate Promotes Long-Term Cardiac Allograft Acceptance.

Circulation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
05:41

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.6K

Microbiota—implications for immunity and transplantation.

Jonathan S Bromberg1, W Florian Fricke2, C Colin Brinkman3

  • 1Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, 29 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Nature Reviews. Nephrology
|May 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The human microbiota, comprising microorganisms outnumbering human cells, plays a critical role in health and disease. Understanding its composition and effects on immunity is key for developing new diagnostics and therapeutics.

More Related Videos

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

31.6K
Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice
07:34

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: December 16, 2021

3.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
05:41

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.6K
Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

31.6K
Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice
07:34

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: December 16, 2021

3.3K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The human body hosts a vast community of commensal microorganisms, the microbiota, which significantly influences human physiology.
  • The microbiota's role extends beyond symbiosis, actively participating in maintaining health and contributing to disease etiology.
  • Awareness of the microbiota's impact on complex diseases has grown, highlighting its critical functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the statistical and informatics considerations for microbiota composition analysis.
  • To elucidate the microbiota's influence on the immune system and its implications for organ failure and transplantation.
  • To discuss future perspectives in microbiota research, including diagnostics and therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of microbiota and microbiome data.
  • Review of existing literature on microbiota-immune system interactions.
  • Exploration of statistical and informatics methodologies for microbiota characterization.

Main Results:

  • The microbiota significantly impacts both innate and adaptive immune systems.
  • Microbiota dysbiosis is linked to various conditions, including infection, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
  • The microbiota's influence extends to organ failure and transplantation outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Characterizing microbiota composition requires careful statistical and informatics approaches.
  • The microbiota is a crucial factor in immune system regulation, with implications for numerous health conditions.
  • Future research directions include novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiota.