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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Immunological Memory

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...

Development of Immunocompetence

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

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Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection

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MMR Vaccine: When Is the Right Time for the Second Dose?

Oscar R Herrera¹, Terrika A Thornton², Richard A Helms³

¹Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy ; State of Tennessee Center of Excellence in Pediatric Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutics, Memphis, Tennessee.

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT : the Official Journal of PPAG

|May 13, 2015

Summary

Recent measles outbreaks disproportionately affect young children under 5, often before their second measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine dose. This review examines justifying earlier MMR vaccination in specific situations.

Keywords:

immunization measles-mumps-rubella vaccine vaccination

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Area of Science:

Pediatrics
Immunology
Public Health

Background:

Measles outbreaks are increasing, primarily impacting unvaccinated children aged 1-5 years.
Many affected children have not yet received their second measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine dose according to standard schedules.

Observation:

Children under 5 are most vulnerable during recent measles outbreaks.
Most cases occur before the recommended age for the second MMR vaccine dose.

Findings:

The current measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine schedule may not adequately protect young children during outbreaks.
There is a need to evaluate the justification for administering the second MMR vaccine dose earlier than scheduled in certain circumstances.

Implications:

Consideration of earlier MMR vaccination could improve protection for young children at high risk.
This review prompts a re-evaluation of immunization policies to address evolving public health challenges posed by measles.