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Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
Published on: March 7, 2025
Subverting the adaptive immune resistance mechanism to improve clinical responses to immune checkpoint blockade
1Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery; Johns Hopkins University; School of Medicine ; Baltimore, MD USA ; Department of Oncology and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University; School of Medicine ; Baltimore, MD USA.
Abstract:
The correlation between tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and clinical responsiveness to the PD-1 blocking antibody nivolumab implicates adaptive immune evasion mechanisms in cancer. We review our findings that tumor cell PD-L1 expression is induced by interferon γ (IFNγ) producing TILs. We provide a mechanistic rationale for combining IFNγ+ T helper type 1 (Th1)-inducing cancer vaccines with PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade.
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