Validity of Vascular Calcification as a Screening Tool and as a Surrogate End Point in Clinical Research

Carmine Zoccali¹, Davide Bolignano², Graziella D'Arrigo²+15

• ¹From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.). carmine.zoccali@tin.it.+1