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Related Concept Videos

Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

7.0K
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
7.0K
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

6.6K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
6.6K
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

5.7K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Boundary Layer Characteristics01:18

Boundary Layer Characteristics

885
When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
885
Precipitation Reactions03:10

Precipitation Reactions

69.0K
In a precipitation reaction, aqueous solutions of soluble salts react to give an insoluble ionic compound – the precipitate. The reaction occurs when oppositely charged ions in solution overcome their attraction for water and bind to each other, forming a precipitate that separates out from the solution. Since such reactions involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solution, they are also referred to as double displacement, double replacement, exchange reactions, or...
69.0K
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

31.3K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
31.3K

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Red-based cumulus.

Stanley David Gedzelman

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    |May 14, 2015
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Red-tinted cumulus cloud bases are observed when specific conditions are met, including a reflective red surface and optically thick clouds. These factors minimize atmospheric light scattering for clear visibility of the red cloud bases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric optics and cloud physics.
    • Meteorological observation and simulation.

    Background:

    • Cumulus clouds can exhibit unusual coloration under specific illumination conditions.
    • Understanding cloud base appearance is crucial for atmospheric studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present observations and model simulations of red-tinted cumulus cloud bases.
    • To identify and explain the necessary conditions for observing this phenomenon.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of observational data of cumulus clouds.
    • Development and application of model simulations to replicate observed conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Identified four key conditions for observing red cumulus cloud bases.
    • These include a high-albedo red underlying surface, small fractional cloud cover, optically thick clouds, and proximity of cloud bases to the observer.

    Conclusions:

    • The red coloration of cumulus cloud bases is a result of specific surface and atmospheric conditions.
    • These conditions collectively enhance the visibility of the red hue by minimizing confounding atmospheric light scattering.