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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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MRI Surface-Based Brain Morphometry in Egyptian Autistic and Typically Developing Children.

Marwa Saleh1, Neveen Hassan Nashaat, Cherine Fahim

  • 1Unit of Phoniatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Folia Phoniatrica Et Logopaedica : Official Organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP)
|May 14, 2015
PubMed
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Brain imaging reveals Egyptian autistic children have thicker cortices and more gray matter, but less white matter compared to typically developing peers. These findings contribute to understanding autism

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant variations in verbal abilities and social interaction.
  • Neuroanatomical alterations and atypical functional network organization are commonly associated with ASD.
  • Understanding brain deviations in autism is crucial for diagnosis and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neuroanatomical differences in Egyptian children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.
  • To compare findings with existing global research on brain imaging in autism.
  • To enhance comprehension of brain imaging deviations linked to autism.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was utilized for brain scans.

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  • Surface-based morphometry was employed for detailed analysis.
  • Cortical thickness, brain volume, and cortical complexity were measured in 25 autistic children and 25 typically developing controls.

    • Main Results:

    • Autistic children exhibited significantly greater cortical thickness compared to controls.
    • Gray matter volume was significantly increased in the autistic group.
    • White matter volume was significantly reduced in autistic children, alongside increased cortical complexity.

    Conclusions:

    • The study's findings on brain structure in Egyptian autistic children align with general trends observed in international research.
    • Minor discrepancies with previous studies were noted, highlighting the need for continued investigation.
    • These results contribute to the global understanding of neuroanatomical variations in autism.