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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

High-resolution Fiber-optic Microendoscopy for in situ Cellular Imaging

High-resolution Fiber-optic Microendoscopy for in situ Cellular Imaging

Published on: January 11, 2011

Image processing for cameras with fiber bundle image relay.

Stephen J Olivas, Ashkan Arianpour, Igor Stamenov

|May 14, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Digital image processing enhances panoramic imaging systems with monocentric lenses. Techniques mitigate artifacts and correct distortions for improved image quality from fiber-coupled focal planes.

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Area of Science:

Optical Engineering
Image Processing
Computational Imaging

Background:

High-performance imaging systems often produce curved focal surfaces, posing challenges for conventional planar image sensors.
Monocentric lenses create spherical images, requiring fiber coupling to focal plane arrays, which can introduce artifacts like obscuration and sampling issues.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and demonstrate digital image processing techniques for improving image quality in a compact panoramic imager.
To address artifacts and distortions inherent in fiber-coupled monocentric lens systems.

Main Methods:

Characterization of the space-variant system impulse response at multiple stages: lens, fiber bundle, and focal plane.
Implementation of digital image processing to mitigate moiré artifacts, local obscuration, sphere-to-plane mapping distortion, and vignetting.
Stitching of image data from multiple discrete CMOS focal planes into a single panorama.

Main Results:

Successful mitigation of moiré artifacts and local obscuration.
Accurate correction for sphere-to-plane mapping distortion and vignetting.
Seamless stitching of data from six discrete sensors into a high-resolution panorama.

Conclusions:

Digital image processing effectively overcomes limitations of fiber-coupled monocentric lens systems.
The developed techniques significantly enhance image quality and enable high-resolution panoramic imaging.
Processed images demonstrate comparable or superior quality to larger commercial systems.