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    This study introduces an enhanced homodyne interferometer to minimize cyclic nonlinearity. The new design suppresses nonlinearity to under 0.5 nm through calibration, improving measurement accuracy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Interferometry
    • Nonlinear Optics

    Background:

    • Homodyne interferometers are crucial for precise measurements.
    • Cyclic nonlinearity is a known issue affecting measurement accuracy.
    • Existing designs can be influenced by measurement beam intensity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze cyclic nonlinearity in homodyne interferometers.
    • To design an enhanced homodyne interferometer free from DC offset.
    • To develop a nonlinearity model independent of measurement beam intensity.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis based on the interference principle.
    • Design of a novel homodyne interferometer configuration.
    • System calibration using gain adjustment and phase-correction techniques.

    Main Results:

    • The enhanced interferometer design effectively suppresses cyclic nonlinearity.
    • Nonlinearity levels were reduced to below 0.5 nm in experimental tests.
    • The nonlinearity model is not influenced by the measurement beam intensity.

    Conclusions:

    • The enhanced homodyne interferometer offers significantly improved accuracy.
    • The developed calibration methods are effective in mitigating nonlinearity.
    • This design provides a robust solution for precise optical measurements.