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Fast phase processing in off-axis holography using multiplexing with complex encoding and live-cell fluctuation map

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    New algorithms enable rapid reconstruction of quantitative phase maps from digital holograms, achieving up to 150 fps. This allows real-time analysis, including dynamic red blood cell fluctuations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical imaging
    • Biophysics
    • Computational imaging

    Background:

    • Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is crucial for label-free cell analysis.
    • Conventional Fourier-based holographic reconstruction algorithms are computationally intensive, limiting real-time applications.
    • High-speed imaging is essential for capturing dynamic biological processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and present efficient algorithms for rapid reconstruction of quantitative phase maps from off-axis digital holograms.
    • To significantly increase the frame rates achievable in holographic phase reconstruction.
    • To enable real-time quantitative analysis of dynamic biological samples.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of novel, accelerated algorithms for Fourier-based holographic reconstruction.
    • Utilizing a standard personal computer with single-core processing for reconstruction.
    • Processing of one-megapixel off-axis holograms.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved reconstruction frame rates of up to 45 frames per second (fps) for unwrapped phase maps.
    • Reached frame rates of up to 150 fps when phase unwrapping was not required.
    • Successfully extracted dynamic fluctuation maps of red blood cells at 31 fps, a first for real-time holographic analysis.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed algorithms offer significant speed improvements for quantitative phase map reconstruction.
    • Real-time holographic imaging is now feasible, enabling advanced in-situ sample analysis.
    • The ability to capture dynamic cellular processes, like red blood cell fluctuations, opens new avenues in biological research.