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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Plasmonics
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Surface plasmon-polariton waveguides offer unique light confinement properties.
    • Integrating plasmonic and photonic waveguides is crucial for advanced optical circuits.
    • Dielectric loading enhances the performance and propagation length of plasmonic waveguides.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and characterize an efficient end-fire interface between long-range dielectric-loaded surface plasmon-polariton waveguides (LR-DLSPPWs) and standard photonic waveguides.
    • To investigate the coupling efficiency and mode field profiles of these hybrid waveguide structures.
    • To explore the potential of such hybrid structures for integrated photonic-plasmonic devices.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of LR-DLSPPWs using polymer ridges on gold stripes over a low-index polymer.
    • Numerical simulations to estimate coupling efficiency and analyze mode field profiles.
    • Near-field imaging for characterizing mode distributions and interfacing.
    • Experimental characterization using the cutback method to determine coupling efficiency and propagation length.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a numerical coupling efficiency of 97% between LR-DLSPPWs and photonic waveguides.
    • Experimental coupling efficiency measured at 75% per interface.
    • Determined an average LR-DLSPPW mode propagation length of 0.3 mm.
    • Identified a thin titanium adhesion layer as a source of mode absorption, causing discrepancies between simulation and experiment.

    Conclusions:

    • Demonstrated efficient interfacing of LR-DLSPPWs with photonic waveguides, achieving high coupling efficiencies.
    • The similar lateral mode field profiles facilitate effective mode matching.
    • Titanium adhesion layer impacts performance, suggesting optimization for future designs.
    • Results open new avenues for hybrid photonic-plasmonic component and circuit realization.