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Updated: Apr 12, 2026
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A 3D machine vision method for non-invasive assessment of respiratory function
L N Smith1, M L Smith1, M E Fletcher1
1Department of Engineering, Design and Mathematics, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
Summary
A novel non-contact breathing measurement technique uses photometric stereo to track torso surface topography. This method enables continuous respiratory volume monitoring for unconstrained patients, even during sleep.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Respiratory Physiology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Respiratory function testing is crucial for disease detection and management.
- Conventional methods pose challenges for pediatric and critically ill patients due to cooperation and contact requirements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a non-contact method for respiratory function assessment.
- To overcome limitations of traditional spirometry in specific patient populations.
Main Methods:
- Photometric stereo imaging captures torso surface topography of unconstrained subjects.
- Surface integration calculates time-dependent volume changes during respiration.
- Imperceptible light is used for unobtrusive monitoring.
Main Results:
- The non-contact method achieves high spatial and temporal resolution in measuring respiratory volume changes.
- System validation against pneumotachometry confirmed accurate periodic signal detection.
- Continuous monitoring of breathing patterns is feasible.
Conclusions:
- This unique approach facilitates breathing monitoring for unconstrained patients.
- The method offers potential diagnostic capabilities in various lighting conditions, including darkness.
- Non-contact, unobtrusive respiratory monitoring is achieved without patient cooperation.
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