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Accurate calibration of S(2) and interferometry based multimode fiber characterization techniques.

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    This study introduces a new method using Spatial and Spectral (S(2)) imaging to accurately measure power in multimode fibers. Corrections were developed to overcome errors, ensuring precise high-order mode power estimations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Fiber Optics
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Accurate characterization of power distribution in multimode fibers is crucial for optical communication systems.
    • High-order modes (HOMs) significantly influence signal propagation and performance.
    • Existing measurement techniques may suffer from inaccuracies like spectral leakage and sampling errors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a novel method for quantifying the power carried by high-order modes in multimode fibers.
    • To calibrate Spatial and Spectral (S(2)) imaging setups for accurate HOM power measurements.
    • To identify and correct for systematic errors in S(2) measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized Spatial and Spectral (S(2)) imaging technique.
    • Employed Fresnel reflections from a thin glass plate for calibration.
    • Compared experimental S(2) results with theoretical values.
    • Developed correction algorithms for spectral leakage and sampling errors.

    Main Results:

    • Identified that spectral leakage and sampling errors can cause S(2) to underestimate multipath interference (MPI) of HOMs by several decibels.
    • Demonstrated that applying developed corrections improves the accuracy of S(2) measurements.
    • Achieved MPI estimates accurate to within 1dB or better after corrections.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method provides a reliable way to validate HOM power in multimode fibers.
    • The developed corrections are essential for accurate S(2) based MPI measurements.
    • This work significantly enhances the precision of optical fiber characterization techniques.