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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

238
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
238
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

143
Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
143
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

173
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
173
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

197
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
197
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

207
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
207
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.6K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
10:22

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Hypersensitivity reaction with deferasirox.

Atul Sharma1, Ekta Arora2, Harmanjit Singh2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Smt. Sucheta Kriplani Hospital and Lady Hardinge Medical College (LHMC), New Delhi, India.

Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics
|May 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Beta thalassemia major patients may experience rare allergic skin reactions to the oral iron chelator deferasirox. This adverse effect presents a treatment challenge for managing iron overload in these patients.

Keywords:
Deferasiroxrashthalassemia

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders.
  • Thalassemia major requires lifelong blood transfusions, leading to iron overload.
  • Iron-chelating agents improve prognosis, with oral formulations being standard care.

Observation:

  • Deferasirox is a modern oral iron chelator for daily use.
  • A patient with beta thalassemia major developed erythematous, pruritic skin rashes.
  • These rashes were identified as an allergic reaction to deferasirox.

Findings:

  • Allergic skin reactions are a rare adverse event associated with deferasirox.
  • The patient's reaction presented a therapeutic dilemma for managing iron overload.

Implications:

  • Highlights the need for vigilance regarding rare adverse drug reactions.
  • May necessitate alternative chelation strategies in specific patient cases.
  • Contributes to understanding the safety profile of deferasirox in thalassemia management.