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Guanglei Cheng1, Michelle Tomczyk1, Shicheng Lu1

  • 11] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA [2] Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.

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Researchers discovered a novel electronic phase in strontium titanate (SrTiO3) where electrons pair up without superconductivity. This finding offers new insights into unconventional electron pairing mechanisms and precursors to superconductivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is a superconducting semiconductor with a unique phase diagram, suggesting unconventional electron pairing.
  • Understanding the mechanism of electron pairing in SrTiO3 has been a long-standing challenge for 50 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the nature of electron pairing in SrTiO3.
  • To explore the relationship between electron pairing and superconductivity in this material.

Main Methods:

  • Transport experiments using nanowire-based single-electron transistors at the SrTiO3/LaAlO3 interface.
  • Electrostatic gating to probe electron states and their response to magnetic fields.

Main Results:

  • Observed two-electron conductance resonances (paired electron states) stable up to 900 mK.
  • Demonstrated that electron pairing bifurcates above a critical field (Bp ≈ 1-4 T), distinct from the superconducting critical field.
  • Showcased field-dependent behavior of paired states, with linear Zeeman-like splitting above Bp.

Conclusions:

  • Existence of a robust electronic phase with paired electrons preceding superconductivity.
  • The findings support a model of attractive Hubbard interaction driving real-space electron pairing.
  • This work provides crucial experimental insight into unconventional pairing mechanisms in superconductors.