Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice
Published on: September 22, 2023
Sleep quality among medical students of Karachi, Pakistan
Arif Anwer Surani1, Sohaib Zahid2, Asif Surani2
1Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Karachi, Pakistan.
Objective:
To characterise sleep quality and assess degree of daytime sleepiness among medical students of Karachi.
Methods:
The cross-sectional study was conducted between August and December 2013 and subjects were recruited from five haphazardly selected medical colleges in Karachi. A convenience sample of medical students underwent two validated self-administered questionnaires i.e. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis.
Results:
Of the 650 students approached, 504(77.5%) subjects completely filled out the questionnaires. Of them, 300(59.5%) were females and 204(40.5%) were males. Overall mean age was 20±1.4 years. Of them, 199(39.5%) were classified as "Poor Sleepers". Poor sleep quality was associated with female gender (p <0.05), excessive daytime sleepiness (p <0.05), total hours slept (p <0.001) and sleep disturbances (p <0.001). Bed-timing analysis showed 365(72%) students went to bed after midnight.
Conclusions:
Sleep quality among Pakistani medical students was significantly poor. Efforts must be directed towards proper sleep hygiene education.
Related Concept Videos
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Management of Insomnia
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
Blind Procedures
Special considerations while measuring blood pressure
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...

