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Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
RADIOLOGY OF THE MONTH: Vocal Cord Dysfunction with Multiple Cranial Neuropathies
Juan S Gomez1, Enrique Palacios2, Jeremy B Nguyen3
1Medical doctor from Bogota, Columbia.
Abstract:
A 67-year-old female presented to our institution with a progressive history of hoarseness for the past six months. The patient also referred shoulder weakness and cough during the same period of time. She denied weight loss and tobacco use. Past medical history was negative for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. Physical examination demonstrated asymmetry of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. Flexible laryngoscopy was performed and revealed complete unilateral vocal cord paralysis on the right. Magnetic Resonance (MR) of the brain with intravenous contrast (Figure 1) and computer tomography (CT) of soft tissue of the neck with contrast (Figure 2) were performed for further evaluation.
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