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Regulatory plasma cells.

Simon Fillatreau1

  • 1Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, a Leibniz Institute, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.

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Summary
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Regulatory plasma cells, producing IL-10 and IL-35, suppress immune responses. Understanding their differentiation mechanisms may lead to new B cell therapies for autoimmune and infectious diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • B cells modulate immune responses both positively and negatively.
  • Suppressive B cell functions are mainly mediated by interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-35 production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on regulatory plasma cells.
  • To discuss the molecular mechanisms governing their differentiation and therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on B cell subsets and cytokine production.
  • Analysis of in vivo data from autoimmune and infectious disease models.

Main Results:

  • Distinct IgM(+)CD19(+)CD138(hi) plasma cells are major producers of IL-10 and IL-35 in vivo.
  • These regulatory plasma cells play a key role in suppressing immune responses during disease.

Conclusions:

  • Regulatory plasma cells represent a promising therapeutic target.
  • Their differentiation mechanisms partially overlap with those of effector regulatory T cells, suggesting conserved regulatory pathways.