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A solution to the biodiversity paradox by logical deterministic cellular automata.

Lev V Kalmykov¹, Vyacheslav L Kalmykov

¹Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation.

Acta Biotheoretica

|May 19, 2015

Summary

A new ecological model explains how species coexist despite competition. This mechanism, based on resource recovery and allocation, resolves the biodiversity paradox and challenges the competitive exclusion principle.

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Area of Science:

Theoretical Ecology
Ecological Theory
Biodiversity Research

Background:

The paradox of biological diversity highlights a contradiction between the competitive exclusion principle and observed biodiversity.
Existing ecological theory relies on the competitive exclusion principle, posing a challenge to understanding species richness.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a mechanism for the indefinite coexistence of complete competitors, thereby addressing the biodiversity paradox.
To reformulate and generalize the competitive exclusion principle and introduce a principle of competitive coexistence.

Main Methods:

Development of a white-box, multiscale, individual-based cellular automata model for two-species competition.
Utilizing logical deterministic rules and axiomatic inference for deductive analysis.

Main Results:

Identified a mechanism of indefinite coexistence of complete competitors based on timely resource recovery and spatio-temporal allocation.
Demonstrated how this mechanism violates traditional formulations of the competitive exclusion principle.

Conclusions:

The proposed mechanism and reformulated competitive exclusion principle offer a solution to the biodiversity paradox.
The study introduces a novel principle of competitive coexistence, advancing ecological theory.