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Philosophers' biased judgments persist despite training, expertise and reflection
Eric Schwitzgebel1, Fiery Cushman2
1Department of Philosophy, University of California at Riverside, USA.
Cognition
|May 19, 2015
Summary
Even expert philosophers are susceptible to framing and order effects in moral dilemmas like the trolley problem. Expertise does not mitigate these cognitive biases in decision-making.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Moral Philosophy
- Decision Science
Background:
- Framing and order effects are known cognitive biases influencing judgment.
- The trolley problem and Asian disease scenarios are frequently used to study decision-making.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of framing and presentation order on professional philosophers' judgments.
- To determine if academic expertise mitigates these cognitive biases.
Main Methods:
- Participants (professional philosophers and non-philosopher academics) evaluated moral and decision-making scenarios.
- Scenarios were presented with variations in framing and order.
- A forced delay was implemented to encourage deliberation.
Main Results:
- Professional philosophers showed significant framing and order effects, comparable to non-philosophers.
- These effects persisted despite a forced delay for deliberation.
- Familiarity with the problem or expertise did not reduce the observed biases.
Conclusions:
- High levels of academic expertise do not appear to reduce framing or order effects in these types of scenarios.
- Cognitive biases in decision-making remain robust even among domain experts.
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