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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

6.9K
The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
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ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
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ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

10.5K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
10.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices
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Published on: September 2, 2009

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An artificial molecular pump.

Chuyang Cheng1, Paul R McGonigal1, Severin T Schneebeli1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.

Nature Nanotechnology
|May 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemists created an artificial molecular pump that mimics biological carrier proteins. This pump uses redox energy to concentrate small molecules, creating a gradient via a novel energy ratchet mechanism.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Biomimetic Systems

Background:

  • Carrier proteins naturally create concentration gradients using fuel and noncovalent interactions.
  • Artificial systems aim to replicate these functions for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and demonstrate a wholly artificial molecular pump.
  • To mimic the function of biological carrier proteins in creating concentration gradients for small molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a redox-active viologen unit within a dumbbell-shaped molecule.
  • Employing noncovalent bonding interactions and redox cycling to manipulate small molecules.
  • Implementing a flashing energy ratchet mechanism for directional pumping.

Main Results:

  • The artificial compound successfully pumped positively charged rings from solution.
  • A local concentration gradient for small molecules was established.
  • The molecular pump operated repetitively over two cycles, driving molecules away from equilibrium.

Conclusions:

  • A minimalistic artificial molecular pump capable of performing work has been developed.
  • This system demonstrates a novel approach to artificial gradient formation using redox energy and noncovalent interactions.
  • The findings offer insights into designing sophisticated artificial molecular machines inspired by nature.