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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

207
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
207
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
171
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

202
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
202

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
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Anaphylaxis due to head injury.

Heather C Bruner1, David I Bruner2

  • 1Temecula Valley Hospital, Temecula, California.

The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine
|May 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Anaphylaxis and angioedema are rare after head injury. A 30-year-old woman experienced these symptoms following minor head trauma but recovered well with epinephrine treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis and head injuries are common emergency department presentations.
  • The co-occurrence of anaphylaxis and head injury is exceptionally rare.
  • Previous reports link angioedema to hereditary conditions or specific medical procedures.

Observation:

  • A case study details a 30-year-old woman presenting with anaphylaxis, including urticaria and angioedema.
  • These symptoms occurred subsequent to a minor head injury.
  • The patient had no prior history of angioedema or anaphylaxis.

Findings:

  • The patient's anaphylaxis resolved effectively with intramuscular epinephrine administration.
  • No airway compromise or other significant complications were observed.

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  • This represents a novel instance of anaphylaxis triggered by head injury.

    • Implications:

    • Head injury may be an underrecognized trigger for first-time anaphylaxis and angioedema.
    • Further research is warranted to explore the potential mechanisms linking head trauma to allergic reactions.
    • This case highlights the importance of considering allergic reactions in patients presenting with neurological symptoms after trauma.