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Related Experiment Videos

Energetics of kayaking.

D R Pendergast1, D Bushnell, D W Wilson

  • 1Department of Physiology, State University of New York at Buffalo 14214.

European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Elite kayakers exhibit lower paddling costs and higher net mechanical efficiency than beginners. Skill level significantly impacts energy expenditure and drag during kayaking, with elite athletes demonstrating superior performance metrics across various speeds.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Paddling at low speeds incurs metabolic costs measured by oxygen uptake and anaerobic glycolysis.
  • Understanding these costs is crucial for optimizing kayak performance and training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the metabolic cost of paddling at various speeds.
  • To determine the relationship between skill level, drag, and net mechanical efficiency in kayakers.

Main Methods:

  • Measured oxygen uptake (VO2) and anaerobic glycolysis in an annular pool.
  • Calculated submaximal VO2, total drag (D), and net mechanical efficiency (e) at different speeds.
  • Included male and female kayakers of varying experience levels.

Main Results:

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  • Oxygen uptake increased with speed, peaking at ~3.4 L/min for men and ~2.8 L/min for women.
  • Energy cost to paddle a given distance increased with speed, but was lower in elite paddlers.
  • Elite male kayakers experienced lower total drag compared to unskilled groups and skilled women.

Conclusions:

  • Kayaking skill level is inversely proportional to the rate of increase in energy cost.
  • Elite kayakers demonstrate higher net mechanical efficiency (up to 6%) compared to unskilled kayakers (4.2%) at 1.2 m/s.
  • Performance optimization in kayaking is linked to reduced metabolic cost and improved efficiency.