Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscle Coordination and Action01:24

Muscle Coordination and Action

3.8K
Muscle coordination is a complex and finely tuned process essential for smooth and purposeful movements like flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation. The human body orchestrates the actions of various muscles working in concert, each with a specific role. Four functional types describe how muscles work together: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator.
Agonists
Agonist muscles, often called prime movers, are the primary muscles responsible for producing a specific movement....
3.8K
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

3.9K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
3.9K
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

2.7K
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
2.7K
Rigid Body Equilibrium Problems - II01:21

Rigid Body Equilibrium Problems - II

8.2K
A rigid body is in static equilibrium when the net force and the net torque acting on the system are equal to zero.
Consider two children sitting on a seesaw, which has negligible mass. The first child has a mass (m1) of 26 kg and sits at point A, which is 1.6 meters (r1) from the pivot point B; the second child has a mass (m2) of 32 kg and sits at point C. How far from the pivot point B should the second child sit (r2) to balance the seesaw?
8.2K
Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

6.6K
The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
6.6K
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

3.5K
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
3.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The 2026 global roadmap for textile-integrated wearable technologies in health.

Physiological measurement·2026
Same author

Reliability of a modified mini balance evaluation systems test (Mini-BESTest) in NF2-related schwannomatosis.

Gait & posture·2026
Same author

Correction: A decade of Cybathlon: impact on public visibility, scientific dissemination and technology transfer.

Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation·2026
Same author

Correction: ROS 4 healthcare: a framework for physiological human sensing for social, assistive, rehabilitation, and medical robotics.

Frontiers in robotics and AI·2026
Same author

ROS 4 healthcare: a framework for physiological human sensing for social, assistive, rehabilitation, and medical robotics.

Frontiers in robotics and AI·2026
Same author

From autonomy to alliance: Robotic foundation models must learn with us, not just for us.

Science robotics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb
08:24

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Published on: August 30, 2016

10.8K

Interlimb coordination in body-weight supported locomotion: A pilot study.

Stefan Seiterle1, Tyler Susko2, Panagiotis K Artemiadis3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 3-137 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.

Journal of Biomechanics
|May 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Neural pathways coordinate leg movements during walking. Unexpected treadmill surface changes trigger responses in the opposite leg, suggesting supraspinal control beyond the spinal cord for gait regulation.

Keywords:
GaitGait perturbationInterlimb coordinationLocomotionRoboticsTraining

More Related Videos

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects
10:19

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

Published on: April 13, 2011

13.4K
Author Spotlight: Using the MouseWalker to Quantify Locomotor Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Spinal Cord Injury
07:28

Author Spotlight: Using the MouseWalker to Quantify Locomotor Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: March 24, 2023

4.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb
08:24

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Published on: August 30, 2016

10.8K
Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects
10:19

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

Published on: April 13, 2011

13.4K
Author Spotlight: Using the MouseWalker to Quantify Locomotor Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Spinal Cord Injury
07:28

Author Spotlight: Using the MouseWalker to Quantify Locomotor Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: March 24, 2023

4.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Locomotion relies on intricate neural networks for both automatic and volitional movements.
  • Motor strategies dynamically adapt to perturbations during gait to maintain forward progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of interlimb neural pathways in generating contralateral muscle activation.
  • To measure the latency of neuromuscular responses to unilateral perturbations with limited afferent feedback.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study involving six healthy young adults using the MIT-Skywalker gait therapy device.
  • Subjects walked on a split-belt treadmill with unexpected unilateral surface drops, while body weight was externally supported.
  • Electromyographic activity was recorded, and afferent feedback was limited via body-weight support and torso stabilization.

Main Results:

  • Unilateral perturbations elicited changes in electromyographic activity in the non-perturbed contralateral leg.
  • The latency of observed muscle responses consistently exceeded 100ms.
  • These findings suggest that spinal cord mechanisms alone do not account for the observed perturbation responses.

Conclusions:

  • The observed neuromuscular responses indicate the involvement of supraspinal or midbrain pathways in interlimb coordination during gait.
  • These higher-level neural circuits are crucial for adapting gait to unexpected perturbations.