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Hybrid breakdown in cichlid fish.

Rike Bahati Stelkens1, Corinne Schmid2, Ole Seehausen2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Second-generation (F2) hybrid cichlid fish showed significantly reduced fitness and survival, confirming hybrid breakdown. Fitness decreased with greater genetic distance between parent species, highlighting Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Speciation research

Background:

  • Hybridization is common across taxa, but hybrid fitness often declines with increasing genetic divergence.
  • Theoretical models predict fitness reduction after the F1 hybrid generation due to unmasking of Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fitness and viability of F2 hybrids in African haplochromine cichlid fish.
  • To assess the relationship between genetic distance and postzygotic isolation in cichlid hybrids.

Main Methods:

  • Breeding F2 hybrids from cichlid species pairs with varying divergence times (thousands to millions of years).
  • Measuring F2 hybrid viability and survival rates (2 weeks to 6 months).
  • Comparing fitness of F2 hybrids, F1 hybrids, and non-hybrid crosses.

Main Results:

  • F2 hybrids exhibited significantly lower viability and survival than F1 hybrids and non-hybrid crosses.
  • F2 hybrid fitness was reduced by 21% compared to F1 and 43% compared to non-hybrids.
  • F2 hybrid viability decreased with increasing genetic distance between parental lineages.

Conclusions:

  • Results support the theory of hybrid breakdown and the role of Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities in postzygotic isolation.
  • Observed F2 hybrid fitness patterns align with divergence times, consistent with hybridization events in African cichlid radiations.