Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

15.7K
Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
15.7K
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

4.7K
4.7K
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

9.9K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
9.9K
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

6.4K
The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
6.4K
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

9.4K
Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
9.4K
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

55.7K
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
55.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SuB3: A Simple Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Subcellular Fractionation Protocol for Localization Studies of Nucleic Acids and Proteins in Plants.

Journal of experimental botany·2026
Same author

Spectral demixing enables reliable dual color pair correlation function analysis of viral and cellular proteins in live cells.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Coevolution of cooperative lifestyles and reduced cancer prevalence in mammals.

Science advances·2025
Same author

SUMO conjugation to promoter-proximal sequence elements-associated proteins impacts on snRNA transcription.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

From non-coding to chromatin regulators: VIVIpary and the rise of lncRNAs in plant biology.

Molecular plant·2025
Same author

Carcinogenic effects of paraquat-based herbicides: a comprehensive review.

Environmental science and pollution research international·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening
11:13

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening

Published on: August 29, 2015

8.7K

Akt/PKB: one kinase, many modifications.

Guillermo Risso1, Matías Blaustein1, Berta Pozzi1

  • 1*Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE, UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires (C1428EHA), Argentina.

The Biochemical Journal
|May 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Akt/PKB kinase is crucial for cell signaling and is implicated in human diseases. Beyond known phosphorylation, diverse post-translational modifications fine-tune Akt activity and substrate specificity.

More Related Videos

Characterization at the Molecular Level using Robust Biochemical Approaches of a New Kinase Protein
11:23

Characterization at the Molecular Level using Robust Biochemical Approaches of a New Kinase Protein

Published on: June 30, 2019

6.8K
Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP
08:05

Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP

Published on: May 26, 2017

19.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening
11:13

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening

Published on: August 29, 2015

8.7K
Characterization at the Molecular Level using Robust Biochemical Approaches of a New Kinase Protein
11:23

Characterization at the Molecular Level using Robust Biochemical Approaches of a New Kinase Protein

Published on: June 30, 2019

6.8K
Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP
08:05

Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP

Published on: May 26, 2017

19.6K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Akt/PKB is a key serine/threonine kinase regulating cellular processes in response to extracellular signals.
  • Dysregulation of Akt signaling pathways is linked to various human diseases, making them therapeutic targets.
  • Traditionally, Akt activation has been defined by phosphorylation at Thr308 and Ser473 residues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of post-translational modifications (PTMs) affecting Akt/PKB.
  • To explore the impact of these PTMs on Akt kinase activity, cellular function, and substrate specificity.
  • To highlight the regulatory roles of diverse PTMs beyond canonical phosphorylation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating Akt/PKB post-translational modifications.
  • Analysis of research detailing phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, oxidation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation of Akt.
  • Synthesis of findings on how these modifications influence Akt function and signaling.

Main Results:

  • Akt/PKB undergoes various PTMs, including phosphorylation at additional sites, acetylation, glycosylation, oxidation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation.
  • These modifications offer additional layers of regulation for Akt activity, intracellular localization, and substrate targeting.
  • The interplay of different PTMs can finely tune Akt's role in diverse cellular signaling networks.

Conclusions:

  • Akt/PKB is a highly regulated kinase whose function is modulated by a wide array of post-translational modifications.
  • Understanding these diverse modifications is critical for comprehending Akt's role in normal physiology and disease.
  • Targeting these PTMs may offer novel therapeutic strategies for Akt-related disorders.