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Related Concept Videos

Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

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Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease...
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Human granulocytic anaplasmosis.

Johan S Bakken1, J Stephen Dumler2

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Duluth, MN, USA; St. Luke's Infectious Disease Associates, 1001 East Superior Street, Suite L201, Duluth, MN 55802, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|May 23, 2015
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Summary

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, a tick-borne illness, causes fever and can lead to severe complications or death in a small percentage of cases. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this emerging infectious disease.

Keywords:
AnaplasmosisDiagnosisGranulocyticHumanManagement

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tick-Borne Illnesses
  • Rickettsial Infections

Background:

  • Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a significant cause of undifferentiated fever in the northeastern and midwestern United States.
  • Transmitted by deer ticks, the causative agent is Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
  • While often presenting as a mild viral illness, HGA can result in severe, life-threatening complications and mortality in a subset of patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis.
  • To highlight the clinical presentation, potential complications, and epidemiological context of HGA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections.
  • Analysis of clinical case data and epidemiological trends.

Main Results:

  • HGA is a common cause of fever in specific US regions.
  • A small but significant percentage of patients experience severe outcomes, including death.
  • Coinfections with Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti are noted, but evidence for synergistic disease or chronic illness contribution is limited.

Conclusions:

  • Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection poses a serious public health risk.
  • The lack of a vaccine necessitates continued vigilance and research.
  • Further investigation into potential chronic illness roles and coinfection dynamics is warranted.