Nanocarriers in gene therapy: a review

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Molecular Biology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Gene therapy is evolving beyond DNA delivery to include RNA-based therapeutics.
• Viral vectors, while effective, present significant safety and cost concerns.
• Non-viral vectors, particularly nanocarriers, are emerging as safer and more efficient alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the advancements and applications of nanocarriers in gene therapy.
• To discuss the limitations and challenges associated with nanomaterial-based gene delivery.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on nanocarrier development for gene therapy.
• Analysis of various nanocarrier types (liposomes, nanoparticles, dendrimers, etc.).
• Evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of viral versus non-viral gene delivery systems.

Main Results:

• Nanocarriers demonstrate distinct characteristics and potential for enhanced gene therapy efficacy.
• Various nanocarrier platforms, including liposomes and nanoparticles, are detailed.
• Viral vectors exhibit limitations such as immunogenicity, carcinogenicity, poor specificity, and high cost.

Conclusions:

• Nanocarriers represent a viable alternative to viral vectors for gene therapy.
• Addressing current challenges is crucial for the successful clinical translation of nanocarrier-based gene delivery.
• Continued research into nanomaterials is essential for advancing gene therapy applications.