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The gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease
Yoshiyuki Goto1, Yosuke Kurashima, Hiroshi Kiyono
1aInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo bMedical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba cDivision of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|May 24, 2015
Summary
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) arise from complex interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system. Restoring gut homeostasis through beneficial bacteria or fecal transplants can help manage IBDs.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology and Immunology
- Microbiome Research
Background:
- Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) result from intricate interactions between host genetics, environmental factors, gut microbiota, and the intestinal immune system.
- The gut microbiota and mucosal immune system play critical roles in the development and regulation of IBDs.
Purpose of the Study:
- This review focuses on the interplay between the gut microbiota and the mucosal immune system in the context of IBD development and management.
- To elucidate the features of the gut microbiota and mucosal immune system crucial for IBD pathogenesis and control.
Main Methods:
- Review of current scientific literature on the gut microbiome and immune system in IBD.
- Analysis of the roles of innate and acquired immune cells in maintaining gut homeostasis.
- Examination of factors contributing to dysbiosis and epithelial barrier dysfunction.
Main Results:
- Gut innate immune cells (dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells, mast cells) are key in educating acquired immune cells and epithelial cells for symbiosis with commensal bacteria.
- Perturbations in commensal microorganism populations, genetic variations affecting immune responses, and compromised epithelial barriers can lead to IBD.
- Interventions like probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation can restore gut homeostasis and alleviate IBD symptoms.
Conclusions:
- A symbiotic relationship between the gut immune system and commensal bacteria is essential for intestinal health.
- Dysbiosis, epithelial barrier defects, and immune system dysregulation disrupt this mutualism, causing IBD.
- Advances in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of host-microbiota interactions offer promising therapeutic strategies for IBD treatment.
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