Magnetic graphene oxide modified with choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent for the solid-phase extraction of...

Area of Science:

• Green Chemistry
• Materials Science
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Development of efficient and environmentally friendly methods for protein extraction is crucial in analytical chemistry.
• Magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) offers advantages in separation and purification.
• Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) present a sustainable alternative to traditional organic solvents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize and characterize novel magnetic nanomaterials for protein extraction.
• To evaluate the efficiency of green deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on choline chloride (ChCl) coated on magnetic graphene oxide (Fe3O4@GO) for protein extraction.
• To investigate the performance of the developed Fe3O4@GO-DES material compared to Fe3O4@GO for acidic protein extraction.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis of four types of green DESs based on ChCl.
• Coating of DESs onto magnetic graphene oxide (Fe3O4@GO) to form Fe3O4@GO-DES.
• Characterization of Fe3O4@GO-DES using XRD, VSM, FTIR, FESEM, and TGA.
• Protein concentration measurement using UV-vis spectrophotometry.
• Optimization of extraction parameters including DES type, temperature, ionic strength, time, and material dosage.
• Comparison of Fe3O4@GO-DES and Fe3O4@GO for extracting specific proteins (bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, bovine hemoglobin, lysozyme).
• Desorption studies using a specific eluent (0.005 mol L(-1) Na2HPO4 containing 1 mol L(-1) NaCl).

Main Results:

• Successful synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@GO-DES confirmed by various analytical techniques.
• Fe3O4@GO-DES demonstrated superior extraction efficiency for acidic proteins compared to Fe3O4@GO.
• Optimized desorption achieved an elution efficiency of approximately 90.9%.
• The magnetic solid extractant exhibited excellent recyclability due to easy magnetic separation.

Conclusions:

• The developed Fe3O4@GO-DES is a highly effective and recyclable material for magnetic solid-phase extraction of proteins.
• The incorporation of green DESs enhances the extraction performance, particularly for acidic proteins.
• This approach offers a promising green and efficient alternative for protein sample preparation and analysis.