Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

4.1K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
4.1K
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

70.9K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
70.9K
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

3.5K
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
3.5K
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

1.3K
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
1.3K
Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

1.1K
Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
1.1K
Obesity01:24

Obesity

1.6K
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Primary aldosteronism.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same author

Biochemical and metabolic tissue discrimination using a dual-modality Raman-fluorescence endonasal spectroscopy probe for pituitary adenoma surgery.

Pituitary·2026
Same author

Measuring cortisol in Cushing syndrome: diagnosis, monitoring, and cortisol circadian rhythm improvement.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

More on Osilodrostat for Bilateral Adrenal Hypercortisolism in Primary Aldosteronism. Reply.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Osilodrostat for Bilateral Adrenal Hypercortisolism in Primary Aldosteronism.

The New England journal of medicine·2025
Same author

Osilodrostat dose impact on efficacy/safety in Cushing's disease: large, pooled analysis of LINC 2, 3, and 4.

European journal of endocrinology·2025
Same journal

Assisted dying and the silencing of medicine's next generation.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Linguistic pragmatism: a woman with progressive abdominal pain in Thailand.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Medical compartmentalisation: a patient with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in Japan.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

[<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-edotreotide versus everolimus for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (COMPETE): a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, open-label, superiority trial.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Research priorities for characterising Bundibugyo virus.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Rethinking treatment sequence in advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

24.6K

Cushing's syndrome.

André Lacroix1, Richard A Feelders2, Constantine A Stratakis3

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.

Lancet (London, England)
|May 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoids causes Cushing's syndrome, leading to severe health issues. Effective management involves tumor removal and new drugs to normalize cortisol levels and improve patient outcomes.

More Related Videos

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

20.1K
An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
06:55

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Published on: December 2, 2015

23.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

24.6K
Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

20.1K
An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
06:55

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Published on: December 2, 2015

23.7K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Chronic excess glucocorticoids cause Cushing's syndrome, characterized by significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Genetic and molecular pathways of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) excess from adrenal or pituitary tumors are understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and management strategies for Cushing's syndrome.
  • To highlight therapeutic goals and advancements in patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic and molecular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of advancements in diagnostic (biochemical, imaging) and therapeutic (surgical, radiotherapy, pharmacological) approaches.

Main Results:

  • Improved diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic options for Cushing's syndrome.
  • Selective tumor resection is crucial for normalizing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and preventing recurrence.

Conclusions:

  • Normalizing cortisol exposure is key to reversing Cushing's syndrome complications.
  • While surgical success is paramount, new drugs provide options for residual hypercortisolism, necessitating ongoing patient care for long-term effects.