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An ultra-low power wireless sensor network for bicycle torque performance measurements
Sadik K Gharghan1,2, Rosdiadee Nordin3, Mahamod Ismail4
1Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia. sadiq@siswa.ukm.edu.my.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2015
Summary
The Advanced and Adaptive Network Technology (ANT) protocol offers significant power savings for bicycle torque sensors compared to Zigbee. While ANT provides better energy efficiency, Zigbee ensures a longer communication range for cyclist-to-coach data transmission.
Area of Science:
- Sports Technology
- Wireless Sensor Networks
- Energy Efficiency
Background:
- Bicycle torque sensors are crucial for performance analysis.
- Energy efficiency is a key challenge for wireless sensor nodes in cycling applications.
- Balancing power consumption and communication range is essential for practical sensor deployment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the energy efficiency of the sleep/wake algorithm for bicycle torque sensor nodes.
- To compare the performance of the Advanced and Adaptive Network Technology (ANT) and Zigbee protocols in terms of power consumption and communication range.
- To develop an analytical model for sensor node current consumption related to cadence.
Main Methods:
- Implemented and tested the sleep/wake algorithm using ANT (Nordic nRF24L01) and Zigbee (XBee S2) protocols.
- Measured and simulated current consumption for both ANT and Zigbee torque sensor nodes.
- Conducted experiments on an outdoor cycling track (velodrome) to determine communication range.
- Derived an analytical model correlating sensor node average current consumption with crank arm cadence.
Main Results:
- The ANT protocol achieved 98% power savings compared to Zigbee when protocols were compared alone.
- Considering all sensor node components, ANT offered approximately 30% power savings over Zigbee.
- Communication range measurements showed 65 m for Zigbee and 50 m for ANT.
- An analytical model was successfully derived to link sensor node current consumption to cadence.
Conclusions:
- The ANT protocol is more suitable for bicycle torque sensor nodes prioritizing power consumption.
- The Zigbee protocol is preferable when a longer communication range is needed for cyclist-to-coach data transmission.
- The sleep/wake algorithm effectively enhances energy efficiency in bicycle sensor nodes.
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