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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
233
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

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Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
549
Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

328
In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
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Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

552
When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...
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X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Related Experiment Videos

High dynamic range image compression by optimizing tone mapped image quality index.

Kede Ma1, Hojatollah Yeganeh, Kai Zeng

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada. k29ma@uwaterloo.ca

IEEE Transactions on Image Processing : a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society
|May 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel tone mapping operator (TMO) that optimizes image quality by searching within all possible images. The new approach, using an improved TMQI-II metric, consistently generates superior tone mapped images compared to existing methods.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Computer Vision and Image Processing
  • Digital Image Manipulation
  • High Dynamic Range Imaging

Background:

  • Tone mapping operators (TMOs) are crucial for displaying High Dynamic Range (HDR) images on standard Low Dynamic Range (LDR) displays.
  • Existing TMOs lack comprehensive evaluation using validated image quality assessment models.
  • The Tone Mapped Image Quality Index (TMQI) was an early attempt at objective quality assessment for tone mapped images.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel TMO that bypasses predefined computational structures.
  • To improve upon the TMQI metric for more accurate objective quality assessment.
  • To create an iterative algorithm for optimizing tone mapped image quality.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an improved quality assessment metric, TMQI-II, by refining structural fidelity and statistical naturalness components.
  • Proposed an iterative algorithm that alternately enhances structural fidelity and statistical naturalness.
  • Navigated the space of all possible images to find the optimal tone mapped result.

Main Results:

  • The proposed TMO consistently produced higher quality tone mapped images than existing methods.
  • The new algorithm outperformed competitive TMOs, even when starting with their outputs.
  • Subjective and numerical experiments validated the superiority of the TMQI-II metric over TMQI.

Conclusions:

  • The novel TMO design, optimizing an improved quality metric, offers superior performance in tone mapping.
  • The TMQI-II metric provides a more reliable objective assessment of tone mapped image quality.
  • This approach represents a significant advancement in generating visually appealing HDR images on LDR displays.