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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by &#960;-&#960; Stacking Interactions
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A Catalyst Platform for Unique Cationic (Co)Polymerization in Aqueous Emulsion.

Irina V Vasilenko1, Hui Yee Yeong2, Marco Delgado3

  • 1Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220030 Minsk (Belarus).

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

New catalysts made from sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBSNa) and rare earth metals enable efficient cationic polymerization. These water-dispersible Lewis acid surfactant combined catalysts (LASCs) create high-molar-mass polymers and copolymers in one-pot emulsion reactions.

Keywords:
Lewis acidsheterogeneous catalysisisoprenepolymerizationstyrene

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Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBSNa) surfactants possess unique polydisperse and hyperbranched structures.
  • Rare earth metal salts are known for their catalytic properties.
  • Developing efficient and environmentally friendly polymerization methods is crucial for industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel water-dispersible Lewis acid surfactant combined catalysts (LASCs).
  • To investigate the efficacy of LASCs in promoting cationic polymerization of industrially relevant monomers.
  • To establish a simple, efficient, and reproducible one-pot polymerization process.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of LASCs by combining DBSNa surfactants with various rare earth metal salts.
  • Direct emulsion polymerization of monomers such as pMOS, styrene, and isoprene using LASCs.
  • Characterization of the resulting polymers for molar mass and copolymer composition.

Main Results:

  • LASCs demonstrated high catalytic activity in direct emulsion polymerization at moderate temperatures.
  • The process achieved fast polymerization rates without requiring high shearing or long reaction times.
  • High-molar-mass homopolymers (pMOS, styrene, isoprene) and copolymers (random and multiblock) were reproducibly synthesized.
  • Low catalyst content was sufficient for effective polymerization.

Conclusions:

  • The developed LASCs offer a versatile and efficient platform for cationic polymerization.
  • This method provides a straightforward and scalable approach for producing high-quality polymers and copolymers.
  • The use of water-dispersible catalysts in emulsion polymerization opens new avenues for sustainable polymer synthesis.