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Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice
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Insulin in ramadan.

Sanjay Kalra1, Fatema Jawad2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital and B.R.I.D.E., Karnal, India.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|May 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People with diabetes (type 1 and type 2) often need insulin. With careful insulin dose adjustments and safety measures, most can safely fast during Ramadan.

Keywords:
Diabetes, Basal insulin, Premixed insulin, Basal-bolus therapy, Degludec, Degludec aspart, Glargine, Glulisine, Lispro.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Islamic Religious Practices

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2) affects millions globally.
  • Insulin therapy is crucial for glycemic control in many diabetic patients.
  • Ramadan fasting is a religious observance involving daily fasting from dawn to sunset.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide guidance on insulin management for diabetic patients observing Ramadan.
  • To outline necessary modifications and precautions for insulin therapy during Ramadan.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines.
  • Analysis of insulin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in relation to fasting.
  • Case study examples (implied).

Main Results:

  • Most individuals with diabetes on insulin can fast during Ramadan.
  • Requires careful adjustment of insulin dosage and timing.
  • Adherence to safety protocols is essential to prevent complications.

Conclusions:

  • Safe Ramadan fasting is achievable for most insulin-treated diabetic patients.
  • Personalized insulin regimen adjustments are key.
  • Healthcare providers must educate patients on risks and management strategies.