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Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Sex Differences in Neurophysiological Activation Patterns During Phonological Input Processing: An Influencing Factor

Annelies Aerts^1,2, Pieter van Mierlo³, Robert J Hartsuiker⁴

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185 (1K12-IA), 9000, Ghent, Belgium. aaerts@me.com.

Archives of Sexual Behavior

|May 28, 2015

Summary

Sex significantly impacts auditory phonological processing. Women show greater sensitivity in phoneme discrimination and word recognition tasks, suggesting sex-specific neurophysiological data are needed alongside age-related information.

Keywords:

Gender Mismatch negativity (MMN)N400 pseudoword effect P300 Phonology Sex

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Published on: July 5, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psycholinguistics
Auditory Processing

Background:

Aging affects neurophysiological correlates of auditory phonological input processes like phoneme discrimination (PD) and word recognition (WR).
Sex is a known demographic factor influencing language processes, but its specific impact on PD and WR is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and disentangle the effects of sex on phoneme discrimination (PD) and word recognition (WR).
To determine if sex influences neurophysiological responses during auditory phonological processing.

Main Methods:

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 20 men and 24 women.
Phoneme discrimination (PD) assessed using place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing contrasts with P300 and Mismatch Negativity (MMN).
Word recognition (WR) investigated by contrasting real words and pseudowords in a pre-attentive oddball task.

Main Results:

Women exhibited enhanced sensitivity to spectrotemporal differences in PD, with larger P300 and MMN responses to place of articulation (PoA) contrasts compared to men.
Attention played a role, with women requiring more attentional resources for PoA differentiation.
During WR, pseudowords elicited larger amplitudes irrespective of sex, but women showed altered P200 and N400 latencies compared to men, who displayed increased N400 latencies for real words.

Conclusions:

Significant sex-related differences were observed in phonological input processing.
Existing neurophysiological normative data, primarily focused on age, should be augmented to include sex as a crucial factor.