Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View
Published on: January 7, 2019
[German translation and validation of the Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM)]
M Delahaye1, R D Stieglitz2, M Graf1
1Forensisch-Psychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken, Basel.
Objective:
In the present study, the German-language version of the Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM) by Peacock and Wong was validated in a student population. SAM is a relatively short questionnaire (28 items) that evaluates a current, stress-triggering event. The theoretical background is provided by the stress model of Lazarus and Folkman.
Method:
85 students (age: 23; 59 female, 26 male) were exposed to two stress scenarios in order to test whether they were suited to provoke stress. A factor analysis was performed and the internal consistency of the seven SAM scales was determined. In addition, the convergent validity of SAM with State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and specific emotion scales was investigated via Pearson's product-moment correlation.
Results:
The two stress scenarios were suited to evoke stress. The factor structure and the internal consistency of the individual scales, as well as the convergent validity of SAM were replicated with minor limitations in the present German version. Some items (especially from the fifth factor) were only replicated partially.
Conclusion:
SAM can also be employed in the German language version.
Related Concept Videos
Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Primary Appraisal:...
Psychological Responses to Stress
General State of Stress
Specifically, consider a tetrahedral element where one face, labeled XYZ, is perpendicular to the line OA, and the remaining faces align with the coordinate axes with point O as the origin. At any point, such as point O, the stress tensor can be used to determine the stress...
Components of Stress
Interestingly, the hidden cube faces also experience these stresses, equal and...
Stress and Mental Health
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Applications of Stress
The...

